Allelopathy, the chemical interaction between plants, has emerged as a promising area of study for sustainable weed management. This research investigates the allelopathic potential of Trigonella corniculata L., a leguminous plant traditionally used for medicinal and culinary purposes, in suppressing the growth of common weed species. Laboratory and greenhouse bioassays were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts derived from different plant parts (leaves, stems, roots, and seeds) of T. corniculata on seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass accumulation of target weed species including Chenopodium album, Phalaris minor, and Amaranthus viridis.

Results revealed significant phytotoxic effects, particularly from leaf and seed extracts, which reduced germination rates and inhibited both root and shoot elongation in all tested weed species. The degree of suppression was concentration-dependent, indicating the presence of potent allelochemicals. Preliminary phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins—compounds known for their allelopathic properties.